Counter Flow Cooling Tower

In a counterflow cooling tower, the water enters the tower via closed, pressurized piping system (usually not less than 0.2 atms). The entry into the tower is via a main header that splits into two pipes of smaller diameters, in each of which are installed nozzles that convert the water flow into droplets.
In a counterflow cooling tower, the air enters the tower via dedicated openings located below fill level. The air enters the space underneath the fill (called rain zone), then changes direction and enters the fill vertically, upwards, where it flows counter to the direction of the water that is falling (and not perpendicular thereto). The air inlet location in a counterflow cooling tower create a plenum underneath the fill (following the air louvers), as well as a plenum over the fill, between the fan deck and the drift eliminator layer.